As an international student in the U.S., you’re not just here to study—you’re here to gain valuable work experience that can help you achieve your career goals. Two primary programs allow F-1 visa students to gain work experience in the U.S.: Optional Practical Training (OPT) and Curricular Practical Training (CPT). Understanding the differences between these programs and how to leverage them can set you up for a successful career. Here’s a detailed breakdown of each and tips on how to make the most of these opportunities!
Curricular Practical Training (CPT) is a program that allows F-1 visa students to work off-campus in a role that’s directly related to their field of study. CPT is meant to be part of your curriculum, meaning the work you do should either earn you academic credit or be a requirement of your program.
You must have been enrolled in an F-1 status for at least one academic year (9 months).CPT must be directly related to your major, and it needs to be approved by your school’s international student office.CPT can be full-time (more than 20 hours per week) or part-time (20 hours or less per week), depending on your school’s guidelines and your personal academic schedule.
CPT is available for as long as your program requires, but it’s typically approved for one semester at a time.
If you work full-time CPT for 12 months or more, you may lose eligibility for OPT. Be cautious about the amount of full-time CPT you take on if you plan to use OPT later.
Part-Time CPT
Full-Time CPT
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a program that allows F-1 visa students to work in the U.S. in a job directly related to their major for up to 12 months. Unlike CPT, OPT doesn’t have to be part of your program’s curriculum, giving you more flexibility. OPT is divided into Pre-Completion OPT and Post-Completion OPT.
Similar to CPT, you must have been enrolled in an F-1 status for at least one academic year.You can apply for OPT up to 90 days before your program end date and as late as 60 days after completing your degree.
Pre-Completion OPT: You can work part-time (20 hours or less per week) while school is in session and full-time during breaks.
Post-Completion OPT: Available after you graduate, this option allows you to work full-time in your field. Most students use this option to gain experience right after completing their degree.
For students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) fields, there’s a 24-month extension available, allowing a total of 36 months of OPT.To qualify, the job must be with an E-Verify employer, and the extension application must be submitted before your initial OPT period expires.
Choosing between CPT and OPT depends on where you are in your academic journey and your career goals. Here are some things to consider
If You Need Work Experience During School: CPT is the way to go. Because CPT is meant to be part of your curriculum, it allows you to gain practical work experience while you’re still studying. This is particularly useful if your program requires internships or fieldwork as part of the coursework.
If You Want to Work After Graduation: OPT is your best bet. Since OPT is commonly used for work after graduation, it can help you gain full-time work experience before potentially moving on to an H-1B work visa or other employment opportunities.
Considering a STEM Career: If you’re a STEM major, OPT might be the better choice, especially given the possibility of a 24-month extension. This extra time allows you to gain more experience and build a strong foundation in your field.
Plan Early: The earlier you start planning, the more you’ll be able to make the most of your work options. Meet with your academic advisor and international student office to discuss how to incorporate CPT or OPT into your academic plan.
Use CPT to Build Your Network: CPT is a fantastic way to gain experience and make valuable connections within your industry while you’re still in school. Focus on internships and positions that will help you meet people who can open doors to job opportunities later on.
Optimize OPT for Long-Term Opportunities: If you’re planning to stay in the U.S. to work, use your OPT period strategically. Seek roles that align with your career goals and offer potential pathways for advancement or sponsorship, like positions in STEM fields where you can leverage the OPT extension.
Stay Compliant: Immigration regulations are strict, and your eligibility for CPT and OPT depends on following the rules. Always check with your school’s international student office before starting any work, and ensure you understand what’s required to maintain your F-1 status.
Tailor Your Experience: Both CPT and OPT allow you to gain practical experience in your field, so choose opportunities that align with your career ambitions. Whether it’s an internship in a specific sector of your field or a full-time position at a company with growth potential, take the time to research and select positions that will help you grow.
Can I use CPT and OPT at the same time? No, CPT is typically used during your studies, while OPT is most often used after graduation. If you’re planning to use both, make sure your work with full-time CPT doesn’t exceed 12 months, as that would make you ineligible for OPT.
How long does the OPT application process take? OPT applications generally take about 90 days to process, so be sure to apply early! You can apply up to 90 days before your program end date, and your application must be submitted no later than 60 days after you complete your program.
What happens if I can’t find a job on OPT? You’re allowed a total of 90 days of unemployment during your OPT period. If you’re unable to find a job, consider internships, volunteer work, or freelance opportunities in your field, as these can also count as employment under OPT regulations.
OPT and CPT are invaluable programs for international students seeking hands-on experience in their field. Whether you’re looking to gain practical experience during your studies or want to jumpstart your career after graduation, understanding these options and planning strategically can set you up for success. At Ryuhak Consulting, we’re here to guide you through the process, from helping you understand your options to ensuring you make the most of these opportunities.
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